Which of the following terms is associated with a three-dimensional object that has volume?

A solid figure is indeed the correct term for a three-dimensional object that possesses volume. Solid figures include objects such as cubes, spheres, cylinders, and pyramids, all of which occupy space in three dimensions. This concept of a three-dimensional object is essential in geometry, as it emphasizes the aspects of volume and spatial properties that are distinct from two-dimensional shapes or flat surfaces.

In contrast, a two-dimensional shape refers to flat figures that only have length and width, such as squares, circles, and triangles, but do not contain volume. Surface area pertains to the total area of the outer surfaces of a solid figure, which is an important measure for three-dimensional objects, but it doesn't define the object itself as having volume. Lastly, a polygon is a specific type of two-dimensional shape with straight sides and is not applicable to volumetric measurement. Thus, the term that encapsulates the characteristic of having volume in three dimensions is indeed solid figure.