Which control surface is affected when moving the control stick to the right or left?

Moving the control stick to the right or left primarily affects the ailerons on an aircraft. Ailerons are located on the outer wings and are responsible for control along the roll axis. When the control stick is moved in either direction, one aileron moves upward, and the opposite aileron moves downward, creating a difference in lift between the two wings. This differential lift causes the aircraft to roll to the side of the lowered aileron.

In contrast, the rudder is controlled by a foot pedal and is used for yaw control, while the elevator is connected to the pitch of the aircraft and is controlled by pulling or pushing the control stick forward or backward. Flaps, typically used for increasing lift during low-speed operations, are extended or retracted through a separate control mechanism and are not influenced by the lateral movement of the control stick. Thus, the movement of the control stick specifically engages the ailerons, making them the correct choice for this question.