What maneuver does a pilot perform to make an airplane roll or turn?

A pilot performs aileron movement to initiate a roll or turn in an airplane. Ailerons are control surfaces located on the outer wings of the aircraft and are designed to control the roll motion of the plane. When a pilot moves the control yoke or stick to the left or right, the ailerons respond by moving in opposite directions: one aileron deflects downward to increase lift on that wing, while the other deflects upward to decrease lift. This differential lift causes the aircraft to roll in the desired direction, allowing for efficient maneuvering during a turn.

The other options focus on different aspects of flight but do not directly contribute to the rolling or turning action of the aircraft. Climbing refers to increasing altitude, throttle adjustment affects speed and power but does not directly initiate a roll, and altitude change pertains to vertical movement rather than lateral control. Thus, aileron movement is the essential action required for executing turns and rolls in an aircraft.