What is the primary function of flaps on an aircraft?

The primary function of flaps on an aircraft is to increase lift and drag. Flaps are deployed during critical phases of flight, such as takeoff and landing, to enhance the wing's lifting capability at lower airspeeds. By extending the flaps, the airflow over the wing can remain smooth even at these lower speeds, which is essential for maintaining lift. This is particularly important during landing, as it allows the aircraft to descend at a steeper angle without increasing its airspeed significantly, facilitating a safer and more controlled approach to the runway.

Additionally, while flaps do increase drag, this characteristic is beneficial for slowing the aircraft down during landing. The combination of increased lift and drag allows pilots to fly at slower speeds while maintaining control, making flaps an essential feature for safe operations during takeoff and landing.