What do wing flaps provide when in the down or extended position?

Wing flaps, when extended or in the down position, are designed to enhance the performance of the aircraft during specific phases of flight, particularly during takeoff and landing. Their primary function is to increase lift at lower speeds, which is essential during these critical flight phases. By increasing the surface area and curvature of the wing, flaps allow the aircraft to generate more lift without requiring an increase in airspeed.

Additionally, while increasing lift, wing flaps also produce an increase in drag. This additional drag is beneficial because it allows for slower flight speeds while maintaining control and stability, facilitating safer landings and takeoffs. However, the increase in drag can also be a disadvantage at other phases of flight when speed is more crucial, such as cruising.

Understanding the aerodynamic principles involved with wing flaps reveals their dual role in enhancing lift while simultaneously increasing drag, making the combination of these effects essential for safe and efficient operations during takeoff and landing.